AngularJS is an open-source web application framework, maintained by Google and community, that assists with creating single-page applications, one-page web applications that only require HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the client side. wikipedia.org

Bootstrap is a popular HTML, CSS, and JS framework for developing responsive, mobile first projects on the web. wikipedia.org

jQuery is a cross-browser JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. Its syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. wikipedia.org

Node.js is a software system designed for writing highly-scalable internet applications, notably web servers. Programs are written in JavaScript, using event-driven, asynchronous I/O to minimize overhead and maximize scalability. wikipedia.org

JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. wikipedia.org

Salesforce.com's Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) product is known as the Force.com platform. The platform allows external developers to create add-on applications that integrate into the main salesforce.com application and are hosted on salesforce.com's infrastructure.

Salesforce.com Inc. is a global cloud computing company headquartered in San Francisco, California. wikipedia.org

Apex is a Java-like programming language for the Force.com platform.

Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to build custom user interfaces that can be hosted natively on the Force.com platform. The Visualforce framework includes a tag-based markup language, similar to HTML.